Which bacterium causes Tuberculosis?

The bacterium responsible for causing Tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This organism is a slow-growing bacterium that primarily affects the lungs, although it can also impact other parts of the body. Tuberculosis is known for its ability to evade the immune system and establish a chronic infection, often leading to significant health complications if left untreated.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis has a distinct waxy cell wall that makes it resistant to many common antibiotics and allows it to survive in harsh conditions, which is a key factor in its pathogenicity. Understanding this bacterium's unique features is crucial for diagnosing and treating Tuberculosis effectively, as it influences both the type of tests used to detect the infection and the treatment protocols that are most effective.

In contrast, the other bacteria listed, while they are associated with different diseases, do not cause Tuberculosis. Streptococcus pneumoniae is commonly associated with pneumonia and meningitis, Escherichia coli is often linked to gastrointestinal infections, and Salmonella typhi is known for causing typhoid fever. Each of these bacteria has its own specific pathogenic mechanisms and clinical implications, separate from those of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.