What is the causative agent of bladder fluke?

The causative agent of bladder fluke is Schistosoma haematobium. This specific species of the Schistosoma genus is associated with urinary schistosomiasis, which primarily affects the bladder and urinary tract. Infections occur when the parasite's larvae penetrate the skin, typically during contact with contaminated freshwater.

Schistosoma haematobium is characterized by the production of eggs that can lead to significant inflammatory responses and potential complications such as hematuria (blood in urine) and bladder cancer in chronic cases. Understanding its life cycle and transmission routes is crucial for preventing infection and managing public health interventions.

The other species listed, such as Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum, are responsible for intestinal schistosomiasis, affecting the gastrointestinal tract rather than the bladder. Schistosoma intercalatum is less common and also primarily associated with intestinal disease. Thus, their primary focus and pathology differ, underscoring why Schistosoma haematobium specifically is identified as the causative agent for bladder fluke.