What disease is characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin?

The disease characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin is Diabetes Mellitus. This term encompasses various types of diabetes, including both Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes, which are marked by elevated blood glucose levels primarily due to issues with insulin production, secretion, or action.

In Type 1 Diabetes, the body does not produce insulin at all, leading to severe hyperglycemia. In Type 2 Diabetes, which is more common, insulin is produced, but the body becomes resistant to its effects, also resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. Therefore, Diabetes Mellitus serves as an umbrella term that accurately captures the essence of these insulin-related disorders.

Other options, like Type 2 Diabetes, although correct in context, are too specific and do not encompass the broader landscape of all diabetes types mediated by insulin dysregulation. Hypoglycemia, on the other hand, refers to low blood sugar levels, which is contrary to the condition in question. Hyperthyroidism relates to thyroid hormone excess and has no direct link to insulin or hyperglycemia.