What are the two types of vaccines given for polio?

The two types of vaccines given for polio are the Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) and the Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV).

The Oral Polio Vaccine is a live attenuated vaccine that is administered orally, making it easier to distribute, especially in areas with limited healthcare infrastructure. Its ability to induce intestinal immunity helps in preventing the spread of the virus in the community.

On the other hand, the Inactivated Polio Vaccine is composed of killed poliovirus and is administered via injection. It is highly effective in eliciting a strong immune response and is particularly useful for regions where the risk of vaccine-derived poliovirus is a concern.

These two vaccines are complementary; the OPV has been effective for mass vaccination campaigns, while IPV serves as a safeguard against possible vaccine-derived strains. Collectively, they have been instrumental in reducing the incidence of polio worldwide.

The other options do not accurately reflect the types of vaccines used for polio. Monovalent and bivalent refer to formulations of vaccines with respect to their targeting of specific poliovirus strains, rather than the basic types of vaccines. Subunit and toxoid vaccines are different types of vaccine strategies used for other diseases and do not apply to polio vaccination.